Challenges And Solutions To Albinism In Nigeria: A Call For Awareness, Protection, And Empowerment – OHI

One House Development Initiative—Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eye, hair and skin in Nigeria. Melanin is the pigment that gives color and protects the body from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. People with albinism often have very light skin, white or light-colored hair, and vision problems. This condition affects people of all races and ethnic backgrounds and is more common in certain parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa.

Albinism is caused by mutations in specific genes responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives colour to the skin, eyes, and hair. These mutations lead to little or no production of melanin. The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning a child must inherit one defective gene each from both parents to be affected.

There are different types of albinism, with the two most common being: Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) which affects the eyes, hair, and skin and the Ocular Albinism (OA) which primarily affects the eyes, with minimal impact on skin and hair colour.

While albinism is not contagious and does not affect intelligence, those born with it often face a multitude of social, medical, and psychological challenges. Albinism is passed from parents (who may not be with albinism themselves) to children through genes. It is not caused by a disease and neither is it contagious. Anyone, regardless of background or ethnicity, can be born with albinism if both parents carry the gene.

Lassa Fever Death Toll Hits 142 As NCDC Ramps Up Response In Nigeria

In Nigeria, where People with Albinism are estimated to number over 2 million, the condition remains deeply misunderstood, often resulting in severe discrimination, health challenges, and social exclusion.

People with albinism in Nigeria are highly vulnerable to skin cancer due to the country’s intense tropical sun. The lack of melanin in people with albinism can lead to several health complications if not handled, the most prominent of which is extreme sensitivity to sunlight. They are highly susceptible to sunburn which increases the risk of skin cancer. Additionally, persons with albinism are low visioned and several of them experience vision impairments such as nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) and photophobia (sensitivity to light).

Many persons with albinism pass on too early as a result of lack of healthcare and protection from the sun. However, access to affordable sunscreen, protective clothing, and specialized medical care can militate against such ill-occurrences.

Ancient myths and superstitions in various Nigerian communities contribute to the marginalization of people with Albinism. In some African countries, cultural myths falsely portray them as ghosts, cursed beings, or individuals with supernatural powers. These misconceptions lead to social exclusion, harassment, and in some tragic cases, ritual killings and body mutilation. This barbaric stigma limits access to education, quality health services, employment opportunities, community participation and even violent attacks.

The constant experience of rejection and ridicule often results in low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Children with albinism may face bullying in schools, which affects their academic performance and overall mental well-being. Depression, anxiety, and feelings of worthlessness are common, yet mental health support remains scarce and stigmatized in Nigeria.

Due to their low-visioned nature, children with albinism in Nigeria often find it difficult to learn in conventional classrooms which often hinder their access to quality education. Children with albinism who are provided with recommended anti-blue light glasses would do as well as any other children. Teachers also need training on communication and how to accommodate their needs. Sensitization about them would also reduce bullying and discrimination from peers.

Similarly, adults with albinism in Nigeria frequently face job discrimination, being unfairly perceived as weak or incapable. As a result, many are either unemployed or underemployed, leading to poverty and reduced access to basic needs and healthcare.

Despite efforts by advocacy groups and some policy reforms, many Nigerians with albinism continue to face daily struggles that threaten their lives, health, education, safety, dignity and human rights. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving public education, policy reform, medical intervention, and community inclusion.

Government at all levels, in collaboration with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the media, must intensify educational public campaigns to correct misconceptions and highlight the scientific facts and debunk myths. Celebrating the achievements of People with Albinism can reduce stigma and promote inclusion. Media campaigns, school programs, and community dialogues can foster greater acceptance and inclusion.

Nigeria already has laws against discrimination and violence, such as VAPP Act, but enforcement is weak. Stronger implementation and enforcement of existing laws and creation of new ones focused on the rights of People with Albinism can ensure justice and protection. Governments should also ensure that reported cases of attacks or discrimination are properly investigated and prosecuted swiftly and fairly.

Government agencies and private employers should prioritize empowerment of People with albinism through leadership training and the inclusion of People with albinism in skills development programmes as well as representation in media and politics. Promoting role models with albinism in politics, media, and public service can challenge stereotypes and inspire confidence among People with albinism.

Counselling and peer support groups should be made accessible to help PWA cope with trauma and discrimination. Schools and communities need to be equipped to support the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals with albinism.

Albinism is not a curse or a disease, but a condition that requires understanding, inclusion, and systemic support. People with albinism deserve equal rights, safety, and opportunities to thrive in society. By confronting discrimination, improving healthcare and education, and empowering individuals, Nigeria can lead the way in building a more inclusive and compassionate nation for all.

The United Nations in order to protect the rights of people with albinism declared June 13 as International Albinism Awareness Day to raise global consciousness. The day is set aside by the United Nations to celebrate people with albinism and promote their full inclusion in society.

UN emphasised that everyone has the right to live in dignity and safety, this includes people with albinism. However, stigma and ignorance continue to rob many of their basic rights. That’s why education, awareness and advocacy are crucial in dispelling myths and fostering inclusion.

Therefore, to ensure the dignity and safety of persons with Albinism, it is recommended that government at all levels in Nigeria should include with albinism on the health insurance schemes which would include regular medical check-ups, provision of sunscreens at pre-decided periods, powered anti-blue light glasses, ultraviolet/coated umbrellas and bowler caps.

Also, there is the need for media campaigns and sensitisation to educate persons with Albinism on how to prevent themselves from health issues related to their skin, which include avoiding use of medicated soap, wearing certain colour of clothes, avoiding the sun and how to access health insurance packages with the government.